Viral metagenomic analysis of bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) in Uganda identifies novel variants of Porcine parvovirus 4 and Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2
Identifieur interne : 000452 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000451; suivant : 000453Viral metagenomic analysis of bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) in Uganda identifies novel variants of Porcine parvovirus 4 and Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2
Auteurs : Anne-Lie Blomström [Suède] ; Karl St Hl [Suède] ; Charles Masembe [Ouganda] ; Edward Okoth [Kenya] ; Ademun Rose Okurut [Ouganda] ; Patrick Atmnedi [Ouganda] ; Stephen Kemp [Kenya] ; Richard Bishop [Kenya] ; Sándor Belák [Suède] ; Mikael Berg [Suède]Source :
- Virology Journal [ 1743-422X ] ; 2012.
Abstract
As a result of rapidly growing human populations, intensification of livestock production and increasing exploitation of wildlife habitats for animal agriculture, the interface between wildlife, livestock and humans is expanding, with potential impacts on both domestic animal and human health. Wild animals serve as reservoirs for many viruses, which may occasionally result in novel infections of domestic animals and/or the human population. Given this background, we used metagenomics to investigate the presence of viral pathogens in sera collected from bushpigs (
Application of 454 pyrosequencing demonstrated the presence of Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV), porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4), porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), a GB Hepatitis C–like virus, and a Sclerotinia hypovirulence-associated-like virus in sera from the bushpigs. PCR assays for each specific virus combined with Sanger sequencing revealed two TTSuV-1 variants, one TTSuV-2 variant as well as PPV4 in the serum samples and thereby confirming the findings from the 454 sequencing.
Using a viral metagenomic approach we have made an initial analysis of viruses present in bushpig sera and demonstrated for the first time the presence of PPV4 in a wild African Suid. In addition we identified novel variants of TTSuV-1 and 2 in bushpigs.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-192
PubMed: 22967311
PubMed Central: 3478234
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Viral metagenomic analysis of bushpigs (<italic>Potamochoerus larvatus</italic>) in Uganda identifies novel variants of Porcine parvovirus 4 and Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2</title><author><name sortKey="Blomstrom, Anne Lie" sort="Blomstrom, Anne Lie" uniqKey="Blomstrom A" first="Anne-Lie" last="Blomström">Anne-Lie Blomström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="St Hl, Karl" sort="St Hl, Karl" uniqKey="St Hl K" first="Karl" last="St Hl">Karl St Hl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masembe, Charles" sort="Masembe, Charles" uniqKey="Masembe C" first="Charles" last="Masembe">Charles Masembe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Biology, Makerere University, College of Natural Sciences. School of Biological Sciences, Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Makerere University, College of Natural Sciences. School of Biological Sciences, Box 7026, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, Edward" sort="Okoth, Edward" uniqKey="Okoth E" first="Edward" last="Okoth">Edward Okoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okurut, Ademun Rose" sort="Okurut, Ademun Rose" uniqKey="Okurut A" first="Ademun Rose" last="Okurut">Ademun Rose Okurut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Entebbe</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atmnedi, Patrick" sort="Atmnedi, Patrick" uniqKey="Atmnedi P" first="Patrick" last="Atmnedi">Patrick Atmnedi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Stephen" sort="Kemp, Stephen" uniqKey="Kemp S" first="Stephen" last="Kemp">Stephen Kemp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, Richard" sort="Bishop, Richard" uniqKey="Bishop R" first="Richard" last="Bishop">Richard Bishop</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belak, Sandor" sort="Belak, Sandor" uniqKey="Belak S" first="Sándor" last="Belák">Sándor Belák</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berg, Mikael" sort="Berg, Mikael" uniqKey="Berg M" first="Mikael" last="Berg">Mikael Berg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of 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type="main">Viral metagenomic analysis of bushpigs (<italic>Potamochoerus larvatus</italic>) in Uganda identifies novel variants of Porcine parvovirus 4 and Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2</title><author><name sortKey="Blomstrom, Anne Lie" sort="Blomstrom, Anne Lie" uniqKey="Blomstrom A" first="Anne-Lie" last="Blomström">Anne-Lie Blomström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="St Hl, Karl" sort="St Hl, Karl" uniqKey="St Hl K" first="Karl" last="St Hl">Karl St Hl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masembe, Charles" sort="Masembe, Charles" uniqKey="Masembe C" first="Charles" last="Masembe">Charles Masembe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Biology, Makerere University, College of Natural Sciences. School of Biological Sciences, Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Makerere University, College of Natural Sciences. School of Biological Sciences, Box 7026, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okoth, Edward" sort="Okoth, Edward" uniqKey="Okoth E" first="Edward" last="Okoth">Edward Okoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okurut, Ademun Rose" sort="Okurut, Ademun Rose" uniqKey="Okurut A" first="Ademun Rose" last="Okurut">Ademun Rose Okurut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Entebbe</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atmnedi, Patrick" sort="Atmnedi, Patrick" uniqKey="Atmnedi P" first="Patrick" last="Atmnedi">Patrick Atmnedi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Stephen" sort="Kemp, Stephen" uniqKey="Kemp S" first="Stephen" last="Kemp">Stephen Kemp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bishop, Richard" sort="Bishop, Richard" uniqKey="Bishop R" first="Richard" last="Bishop">Richard Bishop</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belak, Sandor" sort="Belak, Sandor" uniqKey="Belak S" first="Sándor" last="Belák">Sándor Belák</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berg, Mikael" sort="Berg, Mikael" uniqKey="Berg M" first="Mikael" last="Berg">Mikael Berg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virology Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1743-422X</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>As a result of rapidly growing human populations, intensification of livestock production and increasing exploitation of wildlife habitats for animal agriculture, the interface between wildlife, livestock and humans is expanding, with potential impacts on both domestic animal and human health. Wild animals serve as reservoirs for many viruses, which may occasionally result in novel infections of domestic animals and/or the human population. Given this background, we used metagenomics to investigate the presence of viral pathogens in sera collected from bushpigs (<italic>Potamochoerus larvatus</italic>), a nocturnal species of wild Suid known to move between national parks and farmland, in Uganda.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Application of 454 pyrosequencing demonstrated the presence of Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV), porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4), porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), a GB Hepatitis C–like virus, and a Sclerotinia hypovirulence-associated-like virus in sera from the bushpigs. PCR assays for each specific virus combined with Sanger sequencing revealed two TTSuV-1 variants, one TTSuV-2 variant as well as PPV4 in the serum samples and thereby confirming the findings from the 454 sequencing.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Using a viral metagenomic approach we have made an initial analysis of viruses present in bushpig sera and demonstrated for the first time the presence of PPV4 in a wild African Suid. In addition we identified novel variants of TTSuV-1 and 2 in bushpigs.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perry, Bd" uniqKey="Perry B">BD Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grace, D" uniqKey="Grace D">D Grace</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sones, K" uniqKey="Sones K">K Sones</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Daszak, P" uniqKey="Daszak P">P Daszak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Aa" uniqKey="Cunningham A">AA Cunningham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hyatt, Ad" uniqKey="Hyatt A">AD Hyatt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siembieda, Jl" uniqKey="Siembieda J">JL Siembieda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kock, Ra" uniqKey="Kock R">RA Kock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccracken, Ta" uniqKey="Mccracken T">TA McCracken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newman, 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uniqKey="Kekarainen T">T Kekarainen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maclachlan, Jn" uniqKey="Maclachlan J">JN MacLachlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubovi, Ej" uniqKey="Dubovi E">EJ Dubovi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Do Nascimento, Ff" uniqKey="Do Nascimento F">FF Do Nascimento</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gongora, J" uniqKey="Gongora J">J Gongora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tristem, M" uniqKey="Tristem M">M Tristem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowden, S" uniqKey="Lowden S">S Lowden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moran, C" uniqKey="Moran C">C Moran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Do Nascimento, Ff" uniqKey="Do Nascimento F">FF Do Nascimento</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gongora, J" uniqKey="Gongora J">J Gongora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charleston, M" uniqKey="Charleston M">M Charleston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tristem, M" uniqKey="Tristem M">M Tristem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowden, S" uniqKey="Lowden S">S Lowden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moran, C" uniqKey="Moran C">C Moran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patience, C" uniqKey="Patience C">C Patience</name></author><author><name sortKey="Switzer, Wm" uniqKey="Switzer W">WM Switzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takeuchi, Y" uniqKey="Takeuchi Y">Y Takeuchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Dj" uniqKey="Griffiths D">DJ Griffiths</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goward, Me" uniqKey="Goward M">ME Goward</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heneine, W" uniqKey="Heneine W">W Heneine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoye, Jp" uniqKey="Stoye J">JP Stoye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ra" uniqKey="Weiss R">RA Weiss</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blomstrom, Al" uniqKey="Blomstrom A">AL Blomström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widen, F" uniqKey="Widen F">F Widen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, As" uniqKey="Hammer A">AS Hammer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belak, S" uniqKey="Belak S">S Belak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berg, M" uniqKey="Berg M">M Berg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seshadri, R" uniqKey="Seshadri R">R Seshadri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kravitz, Sa" uniqKey="Kravitz S">SA Kravitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smarr, L" uniqKey="Smarr L">L Smarr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilna, P" uniqKey="Gilna P">P Gilna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frazier, M" uniqKey="Frazier M">M Frazier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, S" uniqKey="Sun S">S Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J" uniqKey="Chen J">J Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altintas, I" uniqKey="Altintas I">I Altintas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, A" uniqKey="Lin A">A Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peltier, S" uniqKey="Peltier S">S Peltier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stocks, K" uniqKey="Stocks K">K Stocks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Ee" uniqKey="Allen E">EE Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ellisman, M" uniqKey="Ellisman M">M Ellisman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grethe, J" uniqKey="Grethe J">J Grethe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wooley, J" uniqKey="Wooley J">J Wooley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hall, T" uniqKey="Hall T">T Hall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K Tamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dudley, J" uniqKey="Dudley J">J Dudley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nei, M" uniqKey="Nei M">M Nei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Kenya</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Suède</li></country></list><tree><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Blomstrom, Anne Lie" sort="Blomstrom, Anne Lie" uniqKey="Blomstrom A" first="Anne-Lie" last="Blomström">Anne-Lie Blomström</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Belak, Sandor" sort="Belak, Sandor" uniqKey="Belak S" first="Sándor" last="Belák">Sándor Belák</name><name sortKey="Belak, Sandor" sort="Belak, Sandor" uniqKey="Belak S" first="Sándor" last="Belák">Sándor Belák</name><name sortKey="Berg, Mikael" sort="Berg, Mikael" uniqKey="Berg M" first="Mikael" last="Berg">Mikael Berg</name><name sortKey="St Hl, Karl" sort="St Hl, Karl" uniqKey="St Hl K" first="Karl" last="St Hl">Karl St Hl</name><name sortKey="St Hl, Karl" sort="St Hl, Karl" uniqKey="St Hl K" first="Karl" last="St Hl">Karl St Hl</name></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Masembe, Charles" sort="Masembe, Charles" uniqKey="Masembe C" first="Charles" last="Masembe">Charles Masembe</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Atmnedi, Patrick" sort="Atmnedi, Patrick" uniqKey="Atmnedi P" first="Patrick" last="Atmnedi">Patrick Atmnedi</name><name sortKey="Okurut, Ademun Rose" sort="Okurut, Ademun Rose" uniqKey="Okurut A" first="Ademun Rose" last="Okurut">Ademun Rose Okurut</name></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Okoth, Edward" sort="Okoth, Edward" uniqKey="Okoth E" first="Edward" last="Okoth">Edward Okoth</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bishop, Richard" sort="Bishop, Richard" uniqKey="Bishop R" first="Richard" last="Bishop">Richard Bishop</name><name sortKey="Kemp, Stephen" sort="Kemp, Stephen" uniqKey="Kemp S" first="Stephen" last="Kemp">Stephen Kemp</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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